Cardiovascular imaging is the cornerstone of the assessment of patients with heart failure. Although noninvasive volumetric estimation of the cardiac function is an essential and indisputably useful clinical tool, cardiac imaging has evolved and matured to offer detailed functional, hemodynamic, and tissue characterization. The adoption of a new framework to diagnose and phenotype heart failure that incorporates comprehensive imaging assessment has been lacking in clinical trials. The present review offers a general overview of available imaging strategies for patients with heart failure.
Keywords: cardiac magnetic resonance; cardiovascular imaging; echocardiography; heart failure.
Copyright © 2021 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.