Characterization of atrial fibrillation in real-world patients: testing the 4S-AF scheme in the Spanish and French cohorts of the EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry

Europace. 2022 Feb 2;24(2):202-210. doi: 10.1093/europace/euab202.

Abstract

Aims: The 4S-AF scheme [Stroke risk, Symptom severity, Severity of atrial fibrillation (AF) burden, Substrate severity] has recently been described as a novel approach to in-depth characterization of AF. We aim to determine if the 4S-AF scheme would be useful for AF characterization and provides prognostic information in real-world AF patients.

Methods and results: The Spanish and French cohorts of the EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry were included. The baseline 4S-AF scheme was calculated and related to the primary management strategy (rhythm or rate control). Follow-up was performed at 1-year with all-cause mortality and the composite of ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause death, as primary endpoints. A total of 1479 patients [36.9% females, median age 72 interquartile range (IQR 64-80) years] were included. The median 4S-AF scheme score was 5 (IQR 4-7). The 4S-AF scheme, as continuous and as categorical, was associated with the management strategy decided for the patient (both P < 0.001). The predictive performances of the 4S-AF scheme for the actual management strategy were appropriate in its continuous [c-index 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.80] and categorical (c-index 0.75, 95% CI 0.72-0.78) forms. Cox regression analyses showed that 'red category' classified patients in the 4S-AF scheme had a higher risk of all-cause death (aHR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-2.99) and composite outcomes (aHR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05-2.44).

Conclusion: Characterization of AF by using the 4S-AF scheme may aid in identifying AF patients that would be managed by rhythm or rate control and could also help in identifying high-risk AF patients for worse clinical outcomes in a 'real-world' setting.

Keywords: 4S-AF; Atrial fibrillation; Characterization; Classification scheme; EORP-AF registry; Mortality; Real-world registry; Risk assessment.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anticoagulants
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / diagnosis
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / epidemiology
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / therapy
  • Brain Ischemia*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Registries
  • Risk Factors
  • Stroke* / diagnosis
  • Stroke* / epidemiology
  • Stroke* / prevention & control

Substances

  • Anticoagulants