Incidence, Determinants and Mortality of Heart Failure Associated With Medical-Surgical Procedures in Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age (from the Cardiovascular Health Study)
Section snippets
Methods
CHS is a population-based, observational longitudinal study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults 65 years or older. The methods of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) have been previously described.10, 11, 12 The study enrolled an original cohort of 5,201 participants from 1989 to 1990 and an additional predominantly Black cohort of 687 participants from 1992 to 1993, resulting in a total of 5,888 participants. Participants were enrolled from Forsyth County, North Carolina;
Results
There were 5,888 participants in CHS and 1,904 cases of incident HF, of which 182 were classified as PHF, 1,682 as non-PHF and 40 could not be classified as to whether or not HF was procedural. There were 5,121 participants in the primary analysis after excluding 275 with HF at baseline and 492 with missing risk factors. Of the 5,121, 1,728 (34%) developed new HF during a median follow-up of 12.0 years (interquartile range: 6.8–18.2 years). Of these, 168 (10%) were classified as PHF, 1,526
Discussion
The principal findings of this study are that in free-living individuals ≥ 65 years of age, PHF is not uncommon—occurring in approximately 3% of our cohort overall and 10% of incident HF cases over a 12-year (median) follow-up period. Our aim was to determine the burden of PHF in a community-dwelling cohort followed prospectively, the baseline risk factors associated with this outcome versus first-ever HF not associated with procedures, and the 30-day mortality for PHF versus non-PHF. To our
Credit Author Statement
Monali Shah, DO, was involved in preparation of initial drafts of the final manuscript. Carlos J. Rodriguez MD, MPH, was involved in data collection, analysis and preparation, and editing drafts of the manuscript. Traci M. Bartz MS was involved in statistical analysis and in preparation, critical review, and editing drafts of the manuscript. Mary F. Lyles MD was involved in project conceptualization, data collection and preparation, and editing drafts of the manuscript. Jorge R. Kizer MD, MS,
Funding sources
This research was supported by contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grants U01HL080295 and U01HL130114 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided by R01AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). A full list of principal
Disclaimer
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Declaration of interests
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Carlos Jose Rodriguez reports a relationship with Amgen, Inc. that includes funding grants. Carlos Jose Rodriguez reports a relationship with National Institutes of Health that includes funding grants. Carlos Jose Rodriguez reports a relationship with American Heart Association that includes funding grants. Jorge Kizer reports
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Cited by (0)
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MS and CJR contributed equally as first authors.
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JMG and JSG contributed equally as senior authors.