Despite significant advances in evidence-based treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the use of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) at recommended doses remains suboptimal. We examine the usage and modification of inpatient GDMT and its effect on outcomes in patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute on chronic HFrEF between 2013 and 2018. Overall use and modification of GDMT, which included heart failure appropriate beta-blockers (BB), renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and aldosterone blockers (MRA) during the hospitalization were collected. Target dosages were based on guideline recommendations. Primary endpoints included 30-day hospitalization-free survival and 1-year survival. Among 1,655 patients, discharge use of BB, RASi, and MRA was 73.4%, 55.9% and 13.8%, respectively. Upon discharge, ≥50% target dose of BB, RASi, and MRA was used in 25.3%, 15.6%, and 13.7%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, there was a statistically significant improvement in 1-year survival and 30-day hospitalization-free survival in patients discharged on increasing number of medication classes optimized at ≥50% target dose (per extra medication, HR 0.74, 0.64-0.86, p <0.001, and HR 0.73, 0.62-0.86, p = 0.0002), respectively. Initiation and/or uptitration of BB and RASi was associated with improved 30-day hospitalization-free survival and 1-year survival, (HR 0.73 (0.57-0.92), p = 0.0087; HR 0.62 (0.46-0.82), p <0.001) for BB and (HR 0.77 (0.62-0.95), p <0.001; HR 0.62 (0.48-0.80), p <0.001) for RASi, respectively. In conclusion, inpatient optimization of GDMT in acute HFrEF is feasible and associated with improved 30-day hospitalization-free survival and 1-year survival.
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