Prognostic impact of non-culprit chronic total occlusion over time in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2021 Dec 6;10(9):990-998. doi: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuab041.

Abstract

Aims: Previous studies indicated that a chronic total occlusion (CTO) in a non-infarct-related artery is linked to higher mortality mainly in the acute setting in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our aim was to assess the temporal distribution of mortality risk associated with non-culprit CTO over years after STEMI.

Methods and results: The study included 8679 STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality curves for non-culprit CTO vs. no CTO were compared with log-rank test, with landmarks set at 30 days and 1 year. Adjusted Cox regression models were constructed to assess the impact of non-culprit CTO on mortality over different time intervals. Tests for interaction were pre-specified between non-culprit CTO and acute heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction. The primary outcome variable was all-cause mortality, and the median follow-up was 5 years. Non-culprit CTO was present in 11.6% of patients (n = 1010). Presence of a CTO was associated with increased early [30-day adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-2.36; P < 0.001] and late mortality (5-year adjusted HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.42-1.95; P < 0.001). Landmark analyses revealed an annual two-fold increase in mortality in patients with vs. without a CTO after the first year of follow-up. The observed pattern of mortality increase over time was independent of acute or chronic LV impairment.

Conclusions: Non-culprit CTO is independently associated with mortality over 5 years after primary PCI for STEMI, with a constant annual two-fold increase in the risk of death beyond the first year of follow-up.

Keywords: Myocardial infarction; Percutaneous coronary intervention.

MeSH terms

  • Chronic Disease
  • Coronary Occlusion* / diagnosis
  • Coronary Occlusion* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention*
  • Prognosis
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction* / diagnosis
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction* / surgery
  • Stroke Volume
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ventricular Function, Left