Efficacy and safety of ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall for mitral isthmus ablation

J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021 Jun;32(6):1610-1619. doi: 10.1111/jce.15064. Epub 2021 May 5.

Abstract

Introduction: Chemical ablation by retrograde infusion of ethanol into the vein of Marshall (VOM-EI) can facilitate the achievement of mitral isthmus block. This study sought to describe the efficacy and safety of this technique.

Methods and results: Twenty-two consecutive patients (14 males, median age 71 years) with attempted VOM-EI for mitral isthmus ablation were included in the study. VOM-EI was successfully performed with a median of 4 ml of 96% ethanol in 19 patients (86%) and the mitral isthmus was successfully blocked in all (100%). Touch up endocardial and/or epicardial ablation after VOM-EI was necessary for 12 patients (63%). Perimitral flutter was present in 12 patients (63%) during VOM-EI and terminated or slowed by VOM-EI in 4 and 3 patients, respectively. The low-voltage area of the mitral isthmus region increased from 3.1 cm2 (interquartile range [IQR] 0-7.9) before to 13.2 cm2 (IQR: 8.2-15.0) after VOM-EI and correlated significantly with the volume of ethanol injected (p = .03). Median high-sensitive cardiac troponin-T increased significantly from 330 ng/L (IQR: 221-516) the evening of the procedure to 598 ng/L (IQR: 382-769; p = .02) the following morning. A small pericardial effusion occurred in three patients (16%), mild pericarditis in one (5%), and uneventful VOM dissection in two (11%). After a median follow-up of 3.5 months (IQR: 3.0-11.0), 10 of 18 patients (56%) with VOM-EI and available follow-up had arrhythmia recurrence. Repeat ablation was performed in five patients (50%) and peri-mitral flutter diagnosed in three (60%).

Conclusion: VOM-EI is feasible, safe, and effective to achieve acute mitral isthmus block.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation; atrial tachycardia; ethanol infusion; ligament of Marshall; vein of Marshall.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / diagnosis
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / surgery
  • Catheter Ablation* / adverse effects
  • Ethanol / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Recurrence
  • Veins

Substances

  • Ethanol