Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses

Affiliations

• ¹ Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University LMU, Munich, Germany (R.M., M.K.G., M.D.).
• ² Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.V., S.M.D.).
• ³ Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (M.V., S.M.D.).
• ⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (P.E., V.K., D.G.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
• ⁵ British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (P.E., D.G.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
• ⁶ School of Public Health, Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment (P.E.).
• ⁷ UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (P.E.).
• ⁸ Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom (P.E.).
• ⁹ Health Data Research UK London (P.E.).
• ¹⁰ Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (A.G., C.F.).
• ¹¹ Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.G., C.F.).
• ¹² Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center (J.N.H., M.M.S.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
• ¹³ Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (T.L.E.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
• ¹⁴ Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.R.).
• ¹⁵ Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (T.R.).
• ¹⁶ Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (T.R.), St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ¹⁷ Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine (B.O.Å.), St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ¹⁸ Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (B.O.Å., B.M.B.).
• ¹⁹ Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine (B.M.B.), St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ²⁰ Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.B.).
• ²¹ Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.B.).
• ²² Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Germany (M.D.).
• ²³ German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany (M.D.).
• ²⁴ Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (D.G.).
• ²⁵ Clinical Pharmacology Group, Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (D.G.).
• ²⁶ Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, United Kingdom (D.G.).