Association of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Availability With Outcomes of Mitral Valve Surgery

Background Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) is currently offered at selected centers that meet certain operator and institutional requirements. We sought to explore the hypothesis that the availability of TMVr is associated with improved outcomes of MV surgery. Methods and Results We used the Nationwide Readmissions Database to identify patients who underwent MV surgery at centers with or without TMVr capabilities between January 1 and December 31, 2017. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary end points were postoperative complications, resource use, and 30-day readmissions. A total of 24 477 patients from 595 centers (446 TMVr, 149 non-TMVr) were included. There were modest but statistically significant differences in the prevalence of comorbidities between the groups. Patients at non-TMVr centers had higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality than those at TMVr centers (5.6% versus 3.6%, P<0.001). They also had higher rates of postoperative complications, longer hospitalizations, higher cost, and fewer home discharges but similar 30-day readmission rates. After propensity matching, mortality remained higher at non-TMVr centers (5.5% versus 4.0%, P<0.001). Rates of postoperative complications, prolonged hospitalizations, and nonhome discharges also remained higher. Postoperative mortality was consistently higher at non-TMVr centers in multiple risk-adjustment analyses incrementally accounting for differences in risk factors, surgical volume, availability of surgical repair, and excluding concomitant procedures. In the most comprehensive model, surgery at non-TMVr centers was associated with higher odds of death (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14-1.73; P=0.002). Conclusions Mitral valve surgery at TMVr centers is associated with improved in-hospital outcomes compared with non-TMVr centers.