Economic Evaluation of an N-terminal Pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide-Supported Diagnostic Strategy Among Dyspneic Patients Suspected of Acute Heart Failure in the Emergency Department

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.01.036Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • NT-proBNP testing increases diagnostic accuracy in dyspneic patients suspected of acute heart failure.

  • False negatives may be discharged from emergency department (ED), and undergo costly readmissions later.

  • False positives may unnecessarily undergo hospitalization and cardiac work-up.

  • With NT-proBNP fewer patients would be inappropriately discharged from the ED.

  • NT-proBNP is likely cost-saving from the US Medicare perspective.

Our objective was to perform an economic evaluation of an N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)-supported diagnostic strategy in dyspneic patients suspected of acute heart failure in the emergency department (ED). A decision-tree model was developed to evaluate clinical outcomes and costs for NT-proBNP-supported assessment compared with clinical assessment alone over 6 months from the United States (US) Medicare perspective. The model considered rule-in/rule-out cutoffs identified in the ICON and ICON-RELOADED studies. Acute heart failure prevalence, diagnostic accuracies, and medical resource use conditional on disease status and test results were derived from ICON-RELOADED. Several assumptions based on previous studies of NT-proBNP acute dyspnea and verified with clinicians were applied to medical resource use and assessed in sensitivity analyses. Compared with clinical assessment alone, NT-proBNP-supported assessment improved overall probability of correct diagnosis by a relative 7% (18% for true-positive and 5% for true-negative). This led to relative reductions in medical resource use in ED and hospital, including fewer initial hospitalizations (−14%), required echocardiograms (−31%), cardiology admissions (−16%), intensive care unit admissions (−12%), ED readmissions (−3%), and hospital readmissions (−22%). NT-proBNP use decreased average inpatient management costs by a relative 10%, yielding cost savings of US$2,337 per patient ED visit. These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, based on a contemporary trial of patients with acute dyspnea, this analysis reaffirmed that using NT-proBNP as a diagnostic tool may improve the management of patients with dyspnea presenting to EDs and is likely to be cost-saving from the US Medicare perspective.

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Funding: Roche Diagnostics International, of Rotkreuz, Switzerland, provided the funding for this study and article, and for the Open Access publishing of this article.