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Prognostic impact of mean heart rate by Holter monitoring on long-term outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

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Abstract

Background

Previous studies have shown elevated admission heart rate (HR) was associated with worse outcome in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the prognostic value of mean heart rate (MHR) with Holter monitoring remains unclear.

Objectives

Our present study aims to evaluate the impact of MHR by Holter monitoring on long-term mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

1013 STEMI patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of MHR by Holter monitoring, Q1 (< 66 bpm), Q2 66–72 bpm), Q3 (73–78 bpm), and Q4 (> 78 bpm). The endpoint was long-term all-cause mortality. The predictive value of admission HR, discharge HR, and MHR was compared with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Patients in Q4 were more likely to present with anterior MI, high Killip class, relatively lower admission blood pressure, significantly increased troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. During a median of 28.3 months follow up period, 91 patients (8.9%) died. The mortality in Q4 was significantly higher than in the other three groups (P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, Q4 was associated with a 1.0-fold increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality (HR = 2.096, 95% CI 1.190–3.691, P = 0.010). ROC analysis shows MHR with Holter (AUC = 0.672) was superior to admission HR (AUC = 0.556) or discharge HR (AUC = 0.578).

Conclusions

MHR based on Holter monitoring provided important prognostic value and MHR > 78 bpm was independently associated with increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with STEMI, and its predictive validity was superior to admission or discharge HR.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the basic science and frontier technology research project of Chongqing Yuzhong District Science and Technology Commission (20170404).

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  1. Jian Shen and Gang Liu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China

    Jian Shen, Gang Liu, Yuan Yang, Xiang Li, Yuansong Zhu, Zhenxian Xiang, Hongbo Gan, Bi Huang & Suxin Luo

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Shen, J., Liu, G., Yang, Y. et al. Prognostic impact of mean heart rate by Holter monitoring on long-term outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Res Cardiol 110, 1439–1449 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-021-01806-1

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