The cardiac methylome: A hidden layer of RNA modifications to regulate gene expression

K Shanmugha Rajan; Subbiah Ramasamy; Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati; Vemparthan Suvekbala

doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.011

The cardiac methylome: A hidden layer of RNA modifications to regulate gene expression

J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2021 Mar:152:40-51. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.011. Epub 2020 Dec 3.

Authors

K Shanmugha Rajan¹, Subbiah Ramasamy², Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati³, Vemparthan Suvekbala⁴

Affiliations

¹ The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
² Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: subbiahr@nrcbsmku.org.
³ Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
⁴ Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Genetics, NIMS Medicity, Neyyattinkara, Thiruvananthapuram 695123, Kerala, India; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumarakovil 629180, Tamilnadu, India.

PMID: 33279505
DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.011

Abstract

Post-transcriptional RNA modification has been observed in all kingdoms of life and more than a hundred different types of RNA modifications decorate the chemical and topological properties of these ribose nucleotides. These RNA modifications can potentially alter the RNA structure and also affect the binding affinity of proteins, thus regulating the mRNA stability as well as translation. Emerging evidence suggest that these modifications are not static, but are dynamic; vary upon different cues and are cell-type or tissue-specific. The cardiac transcriptome is not exceptional to such RNA modifications and is enriched with the abundant base methylation such as N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) and also 2'-O-Methylation (Nm). In this review we will focus on the technologies available to map these modifications and as well as the contribution of these post-transcriptional modifications during various pathological conditions of the heart.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics
Cardiovascular Diseases / metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases / pathology*
DNA Methylation*
Epigenesis, Genetic*
Epigenome*
Gene Expression Regulation*
Heart / physiopathology*
Humans
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional*
Transcriptome