Current strategies to minimize postoperative hematoma formation in patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: A review

Heart Rhythm. 2021 Apr;18(4):641-650. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.11.017. Epub 2020 Nov 23.

Abstract

There are an increasing number of cardiac electronic device implants and generator changes with a longer patient life expectancy along with concomitant increase in antiplatelet and anticoagulant regimens, which can increase the incidence of pocket hematomas. We have conducted an in-depth analysis on the relevant literature, which is rife with varying definition of hematomas, on ways to reduce pocket hematomas. We have analyzed studies on periprocedural medication management, intraprocedural use of prohemostatic agents, and postprocedure role of compression devices.

Keywords: Anticoagulants; Antiplatelet agents; Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) implantation; Hematoma; Pressure dressing; Prohemostatic intraoperative strategies.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Defibrillators, Implantable / adverse effects*
  • Global Health
  • Hematoma / epidemiology
  • Hematoma / etiology
  • Hematoma / prevention & control*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Pacemaker, Artificial / adverse effects*
  • Postoperative Hemorrhage / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Postoperative Hemorrhage / prevention & control*
  • Risk Factors