Neuroinflammatory responses of microglia in central nervous system trauma

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Dec;40(1_suppl):S25-S33. doi: 10.1177/0271678X20965786. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Abstract

Although relatively few in number compared to astrocytes and neurons, microglia demonstrate multiple, varied neuroimmunological functions in the central nervous system during normal and pathological states. After injury to the brain or spinal cord, microglia express beneficial pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes at various stages of recovery. However, prolonged microglial activation following injury has been linked to impaired parenchymal healing and functional restoration. The nature and magnitude of microglial response to injury relates in part to peripheral immune cell invasion, extent of tissue damage, and the local microenvironment.

Keywords: Central nervous system; inflammation; microglia; spinal cord injury; traumatic brain injury.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic / physiopathology*
  • Central Nervous System / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / metabolism*
  • Inflammation Mediators / metabolism*
  • Microglia / pathology*

Substances

  • Inflammation Mediators