Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Utilization and Mortality Among Patients ≥65 Years of Age With a Low Ejection Fraction After Coronary Revascularization

Am J Cardiol. 2021 Jan 1:138:26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.056. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Abstract

The purpose of this analysis was to assess implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) utilization and its association with mortality among patients ≥65 years of age after coronary revascularization. Patients in the National Cardiovascular Database Registry Chest Pain-Myocardial Infarction (MI) Registry who presented with MI from January 2, 2009 to December 31, 2016, had a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and underwent in-hospital revascularization (10,014 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 1,647 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)) were linked with Medicare claims to determine rates of 1-year ICD implantation. The association between ICD implantation and 2-year mortality was assessed. Of 11,661 included patients, an ICD was implanted in 1,234 (10.6%) within 1 year of revascularization (1,063 (10.6%) PCI and 171 (10.4%) CABG). Among PCI-treated patients, in-hospital ventricular arrhythmia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 1.92), 2-week cardiology follow-up (aHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.70), readmission for heart failure (aHR 3.21, 95% CI 2.73 to 3.79), and readmission for MI (aHR 2.18, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.85) were positively associated with ICD implantation. Among CABG-treated patients, in-hospital ventricular arrhythmia (aHR 2.33, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.91), and heart failure readmission (aHR 3.14, 95% CI 1.96 to 5.04) were positively associated with ICD implantation. Women were less likely to receive an ICD, regardless of the revascularization strategy. ICD implantation was associated with lower 2-year all-cause mortality (aHR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.86). In conclusion, only 1 in 10 Medicare patients with low ejection fraction received an ICD within 1 year after revascularization. Contact with the healthcare system after discharge was associated with higher likelihood of ICD implantation. ICD implantation was associated with lower mortality following revascularization for MI.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aftercare
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cardiology
  • Coronary Artery Bypass
  • Death, Sudden, Cardiac / prevention & control*
  • Defibrillators, Implantable / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Heart Failure / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Medicare
  • Mortality
  • Myocardial Infarction / physiopathology
  • Myocardial Infarction / surgery*
  • Myocardial Revascularization*
  • Patient Readmission
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Sex Factors
  • Stroke Volume*
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular / epidemiology
  • United States
  • Ventricular Fibrillation / epidemiology