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Risk of mortality following transcatheter aortic valve replacement for low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis

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Abstract

Background

Low-flow low-gradient (LF-LG) aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with high mortality, even after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Further knowledge of risk indicators is needed and a clinical risk score would be desirable for optimizing patient selection and therapeutic strategy.

Methods

The study cohort comprised of 219 consecutive LF-LG AS patients undergoing TAVR from 2008 to 2018 in two high-volume German centers. Predictive factors for one-year all-cause mortality were defined according to a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

At one-year follow-up after TAVR, 28% of patients had died. A multivariate model revealed six independent predictors of one-year mortality: history of myocardial infarction (HR 2.05, 95%CI 1.13–3.72), eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 (HR 2.75, 95%CI 1.48–5.11), tricuspid regurgitation moderate or more (HR 2.06, 95%CI 1.14–3.72), stroke volume index < 25 mL/m2 (HR 2.03, 95%CI 1.14–3.62), self-expandable device (HR 2.72, 95%CI 1.17–6.27), and non-transfemoral approach (HR 3.42, 95%CI 1.28–9.14). The Rhineland Risk Score (RRS) consisting of these variables (c statistic 0.75, 95%CI 0.68–0.82, p < 0.001) was superior to the EuroSCORE II (c statistic 0.63) and STS-PROM score (c statistic 0.69) at predicting one-year mortality. Patients with a RRS ≥ 8 had a prohibitive risk of one-year mortality of 67.6% (95%CI 52.0–82.4%).

Conclusion

In patients with LF-LG AS, history of myocardial infarction, renal dysfunction, tricuspid regurgitation, a low stroke volume index, self-expandable device, and non-femoral approach were associated with increased 1-year mortality after TAVR. The RRS might serve as a helpful tool for risk prediction and patient selection for TAVR in patients with LF-LG AS.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Dr. Meghan Campbell (scientific coordinator for the Heart Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany) for proofreading the manuscript. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

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Author notes

  1. Nihal Wilde and Atsushi Sugiura are contributed equally to this work. Verena Veulemans and Vedat Tiyerili are contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heart Center Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany

    Nihal Wilde, Atsushi Sugiura, Alexander Sedaghat, Marc Ulrich Becher, Georg Nickenig & Vedat Tiyerili

  2. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany

    Malte Kelm & Verena Veulemans

  3. Heart Center Cologne, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Stephan Baldus

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  1. Nihal Wilde
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vedat Tiyerili.

Electronic supplementary material

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392_2020_1752_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supp. Figure 1. Study flow chart. The study cohort comprised of 219 consecutive LF-LG AS patients undergoing TAVR from 2008 to 2018 in two high-volume German centers. Supp. Figure 2. Receiver operating characteristics curves for each scoring system. Figures depicting the area under the curve (AUC) for each scoring system. The AUC for RRS was higher compared to other traditional surgical risk scores (logistic EuroSCORE, EuroSCORE and STS-PROM) (PDF 629 kb)

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Wilde, N., Sugiura, A., Sedaghat, A. et al. Risk of mortality following transcatheter aortic valve replacement for low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis. Clin Res Cardiol 110, 391–398 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01752-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01752-4

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