Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with a prevalence of 23% and incidence of 3.1%. The risk of thromboembolism is high in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy regardless of CHADS2-VASc score. This review includes 5 observational studies that focused on prevention of thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. The studies evaluated and compared outcomes between patients receiving either warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants. Data showed that direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe in this patient population and may have a benefit over warfarin for thromboprophylaxis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. Because of the high risk of thromboembolism, lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended to prevent thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The available observational data reviewed suggest that direct oral anticoagulants may be safe and effective in this patient population. However, adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.
Keywords: Anticoagulation; Atrial fibrillation; Direct oral anticoagulant; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Warfarin.
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