Impact of preoperative electrophysiological intervention on occurrence of peri/postoperative supraventricular tachycardia following Fontan surgery

Heart Rhythm. 2021 Jan;18(1):34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.08.003. Epub 2020 Aug 8.

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the effects of preoperative electrophysiological study (EPS) and catheter ablation (CA) in Fontan surgery candidates with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical impact of EPS-guided intervention in Fontan surgery candidates with preceding SVT events.

Methods: A total of 109 consecutive patients with a history of SVT before Fontan surgery were divided into 3 groups: 44 in whom EPS with CA was attempted (CA group); 21 in whom EPS without CA was attempted (EPS group); and 44 in whom EPS was not performed (N group). The incidence and diagnosis of SVT, acute success rate of CA, and risk factors of peri/postoperative SVT were retrospectively investigated.

Results: The total incidence of SVT within 1 year after Fontan surgery was 34% (n = 37), with 91% of cases occurring within 1 month. Among the 71 SVT incidences diagnosed with EPS, 31 were atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias (AVRTs) involving twin atrioventricular nodes, 12 were atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias, 12 were atrial tachycardias, 7 were orthodromic AVRTs via the accessory pathway, 7 were atrial flutters, and 2 were junctional tachycardias. The acute success rate of CA was 91% (48/53). The rate of peri/postoperative atrioventricular reciprocating SVT was significantly lower in the CA group than in the N or EPS group (11% vs 43% or 43%; P <.05). No/unsuccessful CA significantly increased the risk of peri/postoperative SVT in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 4.43; 95% confidence interval 1.69-11.59).

Conclusion: Preoperative CA reduces peri/postoperative SVT occurrence in Fontan surgery candidates at high risk for SVT.

Keywords: Catheter ablation; Electrophysiological study; Fontan surgery; Postoperative arrhythmia; Supraventricular tachycardia.

MeSH terms

  • Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle / physiopathology*
  • Adolescent
  • Catheter Ablation*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / methods*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Fontan Procedure / adverse effects*
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / surgery
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Perioperative Period
  • Postoperative Period
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Tachycardia, Supraventricular / epidemiology
  • Tachycardia, Supraventricular / etiology
  • Tachycardia, Supraventricular / physiopathology*