This study sought to examine the differences in the characteristics and outcomes between men and women who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in contemporary US practice. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who underwent revascularization for AMI between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2016. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Propensity score matching was utilized to account for differences in baseline characteristics. In total, 3,603,142 patients were included, of whom only 1,180,436 (33%) were women. Compared with men, women were older and had higher prevalence of key co-morbidities including diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney and lung disease (p <0.001). In the PCI cohort, women were significantly less likely to undergo multivessel PCI, to receive mechanical circulatory support, or to undergo atherectomy. In the CABG group, women were more likely to have concomitant valve surgery. In the propensity-matched cohorts, in-hospital mortality was higher for women than men regardless of revascularization strategy: 7.6% versus 6.6% for PCI in ST-elevation myocardial infarction, 2.0% versus 1.9% for PCI in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and 5.7% versus 4.3% for CABG in any AMI (p <0.001). Women also had higher rates of major complications, longer hospitalizations, higher costs, and were less likely to be discharged home (vs nursing facility). These sex-based differences persisted over the study 14-year period. In conclusion, in a contemporary nationwide analysis of propensity score-matched patients, women who undergo revascularization for AMI have worse in-hospital outcomes than men regardless of revascularization mode.
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