Racial and Ethnic Differences in Treatment and Outcomes of Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Review

JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020 Jan 27;13(2):149-156. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.08.056.

Abstract

Aortic stenosis (AS) is among the most common valvular heart diseases encountered in the United States. In this review the authors examine differences between racial and ethnic groups in the epidemiology and management of severe AS, explore potential explanations for these findings, and discuss the implications for improving the delivery of care to racially and ethnically diverse populations. Underrepresented racial and ethnic groups experience a paradoxically lower prevalence or incidence of AS relative to white subjects, despite having a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors. Historically, UREGs with severe AS have had lower rates of both surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement and experienced more post-surgical complications, including, bleeding, worsening heart failure, and rehospitalization. Last, UREGs with severe AS have an increased risk for morbidity and mortality relative to white patients. To date much of the research on AS has examined black-white differences, so there is a need to understand how other racial and ethnic groups with severe AS are diagnosed and treated, with examination of their resulting outcomes. Overall, racial and ethnic disparities in health care access and care delivery are a public health concern given the changing demographics of the U.S. population. These differences in AS management and outcomes highlight the need for additional research into contributing factors and appropriate interventions to address the lower rates of aortic valve replacement and higher morbidity and mortality among UREGs.

Keywords: aortic stenosis; disparities research; outcomes; race and ethnicity; valvular disease.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / ethnology
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / mortality
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / surgery*
  • Health Status Disparities*
  • Healthcare Disparities / ethnology*
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation* / adverse effects
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation* / mortality
  • Humans
  • Postoperative Complications / ethnology
  • Prevalence
  • Race Factors
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / adverse effects
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / mortality
  • Treatment Outcome