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Strain analysis reveals subtle systolic dysfunction in confirmed and suspected myocarditis with normal LVEF. A cardiac magnetic resonance study

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Abstract

Aims

Lake Louise Criteria (LLC) are time-dependent and some acute myocarditis (AM) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) could be missed, due to the limited accessibility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR). We aimed to assess the potential value of cardiac strain measured by feature tracking (FT) imaging in this population.

Methods and results

Eighty-three patients with clinically suspected AM and normal LVEF were divided into 39 “confirmed AM” (positive LLC) and 44 “suspected AM” (negative LLC). An age and gender-matched sample of 42 normal subjects underwent CMR. In all groups, FT-derived biventricular strains and STE- global longitudinal strain (GLS) were assessed, being regularly measurable. Strain values < 5th percentile of the control group were considered abnormal. “Suspected” and “confirmed” AM were similar, except for medium time of CMR evaluation (5.2 vs 1 months from presentation, respectively; p = 0.004). Compared to healthy controls, both “suspected” and “confirmed” AM showed significantly impaired strain values. LV-global circumferential strain (GCS), right ventricular GCS and LV-GLS were abnormal in 15.4% and 15.9%, 20.5% and 15.9%, 7.7% and 9.1% in “confirmed” and “suspected” AM, respectively. STE analysis confirmed the results on LV-GLS, however a weak correlation emerged between STE and CMR-FT LV-GLS (p = 0.08).

Conclusions

Compared to STE, CMR-FT analysis provided a more comprehensive and complementary biventricular strain evaluation that resulted similar in “confirmed” and “suspected” AM with normal LVEF. Conversely, mostly biventricular GCS was significantly reduced in up to 20% of patients, compared to healthy controls.

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Fondazione CRTrieste, Fondazione CariGO, Fincantieri and all the healthcare professionals for the continuous support to the clinical management of patients affected by cardiomyopathies, followed in Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic of Trieste, and their families.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata of Trieste (ASUITs), University of Trieste, Via Pietro Valdoni 7, 34149, Trieste, Italy

    A. Porcari, M. Merlo, L. Crosera, D. Stolfo, F. Biondi, G. De Angelis, A. Paldino, B. Pinamonti, G. Vitrella & G. Sinagra

  2. Department of Medical Sciences, Biostatistics Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    G. Barbati

  3. Department of Radiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata of Trieste (ASUITs), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    L. Pagnan, M. Belgrano & M. A. Cova

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392_2019_1577_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary material consists of statistical analysis of an age and gender-matched sample of confirmed AM compared to a healthy controls (Table S1), cut-off values for biventricular strain (Table S2), intraoperator and interoperator interclass correlation coefficient (Table S3). (DOCX 16 kb)

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Porcari, A., Merlo, M., Crosera, L. et al. Strain analysis reveals subtle systolic dysfunction in confirmed and suspected myocarditis with normal LVEF. A cardiac magnetic resonance study. Clin Res Cardiol 109, 869–880 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-019-01577-w

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