Background: The European Society of Cardiology's 0/1-hour algorithm improves the early triage of patients towards "rule-out" or "rule-in" of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The HEART score is a risk stratification tool for patients with undifferentiated chest pain. We sought to evaluate the performance of the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm and the HEART score to evaluate chest pain patients in the emergency department.
Methods: In this prospective study, we applied the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm and the HEART score in 1355 consecutive patients who presented to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation. Patients were followed for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions and major adverse cardiac events at 30 days: death, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or unplanned coronary revascularization.
Results: The European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm classified 921 (68.0%) patients as "rule-out" and the HEART score classified 686 (50.6%) patients as "low-risk". The 30-day incidence of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions was 0.32% in the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm "rule-out" patients versus 0.29% in the HEART score "low-risk" patients (p=0.75). The rate of major adverse cardiac events was 7.7% in the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm "rule-out" patients versus 1.1% in the HEART score "low-risk" patients (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm identified more patients with low risk of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions at 30 days whereas for major adverse cardiac events, the HEART score had a greater capacity to detect low-risk patients.
Keywords: Chest pain; European Society of Cardiology 0/1-hour algorithm; HEART score.