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Clinical and genetic insights into non-compaction: a meta-analysis and systematic review on 7598 individuals

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Abstract

Background

Left ventricular non-compaction has been increasingly diagnosed in recent years. However, it is still debated whether non-compaction is a pathological condition or a physiological trait. In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we compare studies, which investigated these two different perspectives. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview on the clinical outcome as well as genetic background of left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in adult patients.

Methods and results

We retrieved PubMed/Medline literatures in English language from 2000 to 19/09/2018 on clinical outcome and genotype of patients with non-compaction. We summarized and extensively reviewed all studies that passed selection criteria and performed a meta-analysis on key phenotypic parameters. Altogether, 35 studies with 2271 non-compaction patients were included in our meta-analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was the mid of their fifth decade. Two-thirds of patients were male. Congenital heart diseases including atrial or ventricular septum defect or Ebstein anomaly were reported in 7% of patients. Twenty-four percent presented with family history of cardiomyopathy. The mean frequency of neuromuscular diseases was 5%. Heart rhythm abnormalities were reported frequently: conduction disease in 26%, supraventricular tachycardia in 17%, and sustained or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in 18% of patients. Three important outcome measures were reported including systemic thromboembolic events with a mean frequency of 9%, heart transplantation with 4%, and adequate ICD therapy with 15%. Nine studies investigated the genetics of non-compaction cardiomyopathy. The most frequently mutated gene was TTN with a pooled frequency of 11%. The average frequency of MYH7 mutations was 9%, for MYBPC3 mutations 5%, and for CASQ2 and LDB3 3% each. TPM1, MIB1, ACTC1, and LMNA mutations had an average frequency of 2% each. Mutations in PLN, HCN4, TAZ, DTNA, TNNT2, and RBM20 were reported with a frequency of 1% each. We also summarized the results of eight studies investigating the non-compaction in altogether 5327 athletes, pregnant women, patients with sickle cell disease, as well as individuals from population-based cohorts, in which the presence of left ventricular hypertrabeculation ranged from 1.3 to 37%.

Conclusion

The summarized data indicate that non-compaction may lead to unfavorable outcome in different cardiomyopathy entities. The presence of key features in a multimodal diagnostic approach could distinguish between benign morphological trait and manifest cardiomyopathy.

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Inspired by Oechslin et al. [55]

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathy, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Elham Kayvanpour, Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani, Weng-Tein Gi, Oguz Firat Tugrul, Ali Amr, Jan Haas, Feng Zhu, Philipp Ehlermann, Hugo A. Katus & Benjamin Meder

  2. DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany

    Elham Kayvanpour, Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani, Weng-Tein Gi, Oguz Firat Tugrul, Ali Amr, Jan Haas, Hugo A. Katus & Benjamin Meder

  3. Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Lorenz Uhlmann

  4. Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China

    Feng Zhu

  5. Department of Genetics, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Benjamin Meder

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  1. Elham Kayvanpour
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Correspondence to Benjamin Meder.

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Kayvanpour, E., Sedaghat-Hamedani, F., Gi, WT. et al. Clinical and genetic insights into non-compaction: a meta-analysis and systematic review on 7598 individuals. Clin Res Cardiol 108, 1297–1308 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-019-01465-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-019-01465-3

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