Purpose: The study sought to evaluate the prognostic impact of recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in consecutive ICD recipients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias on admission.
Methods: All consecutive patients surviving at least one episode of ventricular tachyarrhythmias from 2002 to 2016 and discharged with an ICD (pre-existing ICD or ICD implantation at index hospitalization) were included. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality according to the presence or absence of recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias at 5 years. Secondary endpoints comprised the impact of different types of recurrences, appropriate ICD therapies, as well as predictors of recurrences and appropriate ICD therapies. Kaplan-Meier, multivariable Cox regression and propensity score matching analyses were applied.
Results: A total of 592 consecutive ICD recipients was included (44% with recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and 56% without). Recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias were associated with increased all-cause mortality at 5 years (HR = 1.498; 95% CI = 1.052-2.132; p = 0.025). Worst survival was observed in patients with sustained VT or VF as first recurrences compared to non-sustained VT, as well as in patients with cumulative recurrences of non-sustained or sustained VT plus VF, whereas mortality was not affected by the number of recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (> 4 vs. ≤ 4). Moreover, appropriate ICD therapies were associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.874; 95% CI = 1.318-2.666; p = 0.001), mainly attributed to secondary preventive ICDs. Finally, atrial fibrillation, LVEF < 35% and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy were identified as predictors of recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies.
Conclusions: Recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and recurrent appropriate ICD therapies are associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality in consecutive ICD recipients. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, AF and LVEF < 35% revealed to be significant predictors of both endpoints.
Keywords: ICD; Mortality; Recurrences; Ventricular fibrillation; Ventricular tachyarrhythmia; Ventricular tachycardia.