The Precision Medicine Initiative seeks to develop new approaches for disease treatment and prevention that considers the individual variation in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person. To date, the focus has been on genetic drivers of disease risk and development but has now begun to incorporate lifestyle induced changes in phenotype to enhance treatments. Healthy Living Medicine is an emerging paradigm that focuses on moving more and sitting less, consuming a healthy diet, maintaining body weight and not smoking. A wealth of clinical trials has demonstrated the protective effects of high cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity (PA), and exercise on all-cause mortality, and prevention of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review will summarize the impact of PA and exercise on modifying risk of disease from genetics in the general population and those with CVD, obesity and T2D.
Keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness; Genetics; Physical activity; Precision medicine.
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