Elsevier

JACC: Heart Failure

Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2019, Pages 87-97
JACC: Heart Failure

Mini-Focus Issue: Cardiac Consequences of Non-Cardiac Disease
State-of-the-Art Review
Heart Failure and Liver Disease: Cardiohepatic Interactions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.10.007Get rights and content
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Abstract

Heart failure (HF) and liver disease often co-exist. This is because systemic disorders and diseases affect both organs (alcohol abuse, drugs, inflammation, autoimmunity, infections) and because of complex cardiohepatic interactions. The latter, which are the focus of this review, include the development of acute cardiogenic liver injury and congestive hepatopathy in HF as well as cardiac dysfunction and failure in the setting of liver cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and sequelae following liver transplantation. The emerging role of altered liver X receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of HF comorbidities as well as of the intestinal microbiome and its metabolites in HF and liver disease are fruitful areas for future research.

Key Words

gut microbiota
heart failure
interactions
liver
liver X receptor

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
ARB
angiotensin receptor blocker
CMR
cardiac magnetic resonance
ECMO
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
HF
heart failure
HT
heart transplantation
LS
liver stiffness
LT
liver transplantation
LVEF
left ventricular ejection fraction
LXR
liver X receptor
MRA
mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
NAFLD
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
RXR
retinoid X receptors
VAD
ventricular assist device

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The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.