Addressing the Nutritional Phenotype Through Personalized Nutrition for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management

Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Jan-Feb;62(1):9-14. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.004. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Abstract

The primary focus of public health recommendations related to the prevention of food-related chronic disease has been on the adoption of healthy dietary patterns; however, implementation has been challenging. There has been increasing recognition that an individual's diet and environment may impact disease susceptibility by affecting the expression of genes involved in critical metabolic pathways. Precision nutrition (PN) has emerged to translate discoveries about diversity in nutrient metabolism between subgroups and the inter-individual variability in the responses to dietary interventions. The overarching goals of PN are to deliver individualized, actionable dietary therapy based on an individual's nutritional phenotype, created from the integration of genetics, metabolic profile, and environmental factors in order to prevent and treat chronic disease. This review addresses the developments of genome- and omic-driven PN and how they have been used to prevent and treat disease, as well as how they might be integrated into broader clinical practice.

Keywords: Diet-gene interaction; Gut microbiota; Metabolomics; Precision nutrition; Prevention.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Chronic Disease / epidemiology
  • Chronic Disease / prevention & control*
  • Diet, Healthy*
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Gene-Environment Interaction
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Health Promotion / methods*
  • Health Status
  • Humans
  • Nutrigenomics / methods
  • Nutritional Status*
  • Patient-Centered Care / methods*
  • Precision Medicine / methods*
  • Protective Factors
  • Risk Factors
  • Risk Reduction Behavior*