Clinical Investigation
Congenital Heart Disease
A Novel Bilayer Approach to Ventricular Septal Deformation Analysis by Speckle Tracking Imaging in Children with Right Ventricular Overload

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Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate functional differences between the left and right sides of the ventricular septum in children with right ventricular overload.

Methods

Radial, longitudinal, and circumferential strain on both sides of the ventricular septum were compared using speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with preoperative atrial septal defects (n = 22), postoperative tetralogy of Fallot (n = 23) and age-matched normal controls (n = 44). The duration between peak strain of the left and right ventricular septum (TLt-Rt) was also evaluated.

Results

Radial and circumferential strain in the control group were significantly higher on the left than the right ventricular septum (41.3 ± 12.8% vs 22.6 ± 6.8% and −28.0 ± 5.4% vs −22.5 ± 4.8%, respectively; P < .0001 for both), whereas longitudinal strain did not significantly differ (−22.0 ± 4.9% and −20.7 ± 5.2%, respectively). TLt-Rt was 52.9 ± 35.6, 33.4 ± 29.0, and 38.7 ± 31.0 msec for radial, longitudinal, and circumferential strain, respectively. Longitudinal and circumferential strain on both sides were significantly increased in patients with atrial septal defects compared with controls (P < .05), although radial strain was similar on both sides. Radial strain on the right side was significantly increased in patients with tetralogy of Fallot compared with controls (P < .05), whereas that on the left side was significantly reduced (P < .001). Longitudinal strain on both sides was significantly decreased (P < .01 and P < .001 for the left and right sides, respectively). In addition, TLt-Rt in patients with tetralogy of Fallot was significantly increased with radial and circumferential deformation (P < .05 for both).

Conclusions

Deformation of both sides of the ventricular septum functionally differed. Bilayer analysis of the ventricular septum can help in the evaluation of right ventricular performance under volume and pressure overload.

Section snippets

Study Population

The study group comprised 22 patients with preoperative atrial septal defects (ASDs; mean age, 9.0 ± 4.2 years; range, 3.0–15.7 years) and 23 patients with surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; mean age, 7.2 ± 5.1 years; range, 2.5–16.2 years). We selected these two types of patients because these common and representative congenital heart diseases are both associated with right ventricular volume and/or pressure overload. Forty-four age-matched normal subjects with no

Visualization of the Septum

Standard 2D imaging data sets were obtained from all study participants. The data were of uniformly good quality and allowed subsequent offline analysis. Figures 1A and 1B show representative examples of a zoomed image of the ventricular septum. Regions of interest were positioned on the left and right sides of the septum for strain analysis (Figure 1B). Figure 1C shows a representative longitudinal strain curve. The time interval between the peak strain on the left and right sides (TLt-Rt) was

Discussion

The results of this study show that the right and left sides of the ventricular septum can be functionally differentiated. Right ventricular overload significantly influenced myocardial deformation of both sides of the septum in terms of magnitude and the timing of strain. Quantitation of right ventricular function is an important prognostic factor, especially in patients with congenital heart disease.1 Some investigators have proposed that the ventricular septum has an essential impact on

Conclusions

Differences in deformation between the two sides of the ventricular septum can be observed using speckle-tracking imaging. To evaluate strain on each side is useful to determine right ventricular performance. Further studies are needed to determine if septal bilayer form and multidirectional myocardial function could serve as important guidelines for assessing right ventricular function.

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