Red blood cell distribution width predicts new-onset anemia in heart failure patients

Int J Cardiol. 2012 Oct 18;160(3):196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.04.018. Epub 2011 May 8.

Abstract

Background: Hematologic abnormalities such as elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as well as anemia are prognostically meaningful among heart failure (HF) patients. The inter-relationship between these hematologic abnormalities in HF is unclear, however. We therefore aimed to assess whether RDW is predicting changes in hemoglobin concentrations as well as onset of anemia.

Methods: 268 consecutive non-anemic patients with acutely decompensated HF (ADHF) were enrolled at hospital discharge and RDW was measured. At 6 month follow-up, change in hemoglobin as well as new-onset anemia was studied as a function of RDW at discharge.

Results: RDW at discharge correlated negatively with hemoglobin values at 6 months (r=-0.220; p<0.001); a greater decrease in hemoglobin concentration occurred in those with higher values of RDW at discharge (p=0.004), independently of baseline hemoglobin concentration and other risk factors. At 6 months, 54 patients (20%) developed new-onset anemia. RDW values at discharge were significantly higher among patients who developed new-onset anemia (15.1 ± 2.2 vs. 14.2 ± 1.4, p=0.005). In integrated discrimination improvement analyses, the addition of RDW measurement improved the ability to predict new-onset anemia (IDI 0.0531, p<0.001), beyond known risk factors as hemoglobin, renal function, age, diabetes mellitus, sex and HF symptom severity. In adjusted analyses, patients with RDW>15% (derived from receiver operating characteristic analysis) had a tripling of the risk of new-onset anemia (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.5-5.1, p=0.002).

Conclusion: Among non-anemic patients with ADHF, RDW measurement at the time of hospital discharge independently predicts lower hemoglobin concentrations and new-onset anemia over a 6-month follow up period.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anemia / blood*
  • Anemia / diagnosis*
  • Anemia / epidemiology
  • Erythrocyte Indices / physiology*
  • Female
  • Heart Failure / blood*
  • Heart Failure / diagnosis*
  • Heart Failure / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors