Elsevier

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

Volume 76, January–February 2023, Pages 3-11
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

Recognizing risk factors associated with poor outcomes among patients with COVID-19

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2023.01.006Get rights and content

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected >610 million people globally, exerting major social, economic, and health impacts. Despite the large number of global casualities and severe symptomatology associated with COVID-19, a large number of individuals remain at elevated risk of infection and severe outcomes related to poor lifestyle behaviors and/or associated comorbidities. Beyond the well-known social distance and masking policies, maintaining an active lifestyle, minimizing the consumption of tobacco products, and maintaining an adequate nutrition status are some of the key factors that, in an affordable and accessible way, have the potential to improve health and minimize COVID-19 impact. In addition, bringing awareness of the higher risks and poor prognosis of COVID-19 when other conditions are present seems to be essential to protect those individuals with the highest risks.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

COVID-19
Risk factors
Cardiovascular disease
Physical activity
Sedentary behavior

Abbreviations

ACE2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
CKD
Chronic kidney disease
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019
CV
Cardiovascular
CVD
Cardiovascular disease
eGFR
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
ICU
Intensive care unit
ILD
Interstitial lung disease
OR
Odd ratio
PA
Physical activity
PI
Physical inactivity
RAS
Renin-angiotensin system
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SB
Sedentary behavior
T2DM
Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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