Global changes in diffusion tensor imaging during acute ischemic stroke and post-stroke cognitive performance

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022 Oct;42(10):1854-1866. doi: 10.1177/0271678X221101644. Epub 2022 May 17.

Abstract

Post-stroke cognitive impairment is related to the effects of the acute stroke and pre-stroke brain health. We tested whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect acute, global effects of stroke and predict post-stroke cognitive performance. Patients with stroke or TIA enrolled in a prospective cohort study were included if they had 1) at least one DTI acquisition at acute presentation, 24 hours, 5 days, or 30 days, and 2) follow-up testing with the telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) at 30 and/or 90 days. A whole brain, white-matter skeleton excluding the infarct was used to derive mean global DTI measures for mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), free water (FW), FW-corrected MD (MDtissue), and FW-corrected FA (FAtissue). In 74 patients with ischemic stroke or TIA, there was a transient 4.2% increase in mean global FW between acute presentation and 24 hours (p = 0.024) that returned to initial values by 30 days (p = 0.03). Each acute global DTI measure was associated with 30-day T-MoCA score (n = 61, p = 0.0011-0.0076). Acute global FW, MD, FA and FAtissue were also associated with 90-day T-MoCA (n = 56, p = 0.0034-0.049). Transient global FW elevation likely reflects stroke-related interstitial edema, whereas other global DTI measures are more representative of pre-stroke brain health.

Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; diffusion tensor imaging; free water; magnetic resonance imaging; post-stroke cognitive impairment; vascular cognitive impairment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Cognition
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / complications
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / etiology
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging / methods
  • Humans
  • Ischemic Attack, Transient* / complications
  • Ischemic Stroke*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Stroke* / complications
  • Stroke* / diagnostic imaging
  • Water
  • White Matter*

Substances

  • Water