Currently in the United States, more than 1 million adults have congenital heart disease. Therefore, it will be inevitable for providers performing cardiac catheterization to be faced with adults with repaired congenital heart abnormalities. Moreover, a meticulous approach to every cardiac catheterization procedure is mandatory to avoid missing unrecognized congenital lesions presenting in adulthood. The authors provide a primer for cardiac catheterization procedures in adults with congenital heart disease, reviewing key procedural components: flow calculation, detection of shunts according to different lesions, and, when indicated, ventricular angiography and coronary angiography.
Keywords: adult congenital heart disease; cardiac catheterization; invasive hemodynamic status; shunt.
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