Nationwide study of mortality and sudden cardiac death in young persons diagnosed with chronic kidney disease

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among persons aged 18-49 years with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods and results: Using Danish nationwide health registries, all persons aged 18-49 years diagnosed with earlier stages of CKD or chronic kidney failure from 1 July 1995 through 2009 were identified. Non-exposed subjects matched on sex and birth-year were identified. All SCD in the Danish population aged 18-49 years in 2000-2009 have previously been identified using information from the Danish nationwide health registries, death certificates, and autopsy reports. In total, 9308 incident cases of earlier stage CKD and 1233 incident cases of chronic kidney failure were included. Among patients with earlier stage CKD, the absolute risk of SCD 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis was 0.14%, 0.37%, and 0.68%, respectively. Compared with age- and sex-matched subjects the corresponding relative risk (RR) was 20.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.4-48.8], 7.1 (95% CI 4.2-12.0), and 6.1 (95% CI 3.8-9.7), respectively. Among patients with chronic kidney failure, the absolute 1-, 5-, and 10-year risk of SCD was 0.17%, 0.56%, and 2.07%, respectively. The corresponding RR was 12.5 (95% CI 1.4-111.6), 7.9 (95% CI 2.3-27.0), and 10.1 (95% CI 4.5-22.6).

Conclusion: Persons with earlier stage CKD and chronic kidney failure had increased risk of SCD compared with the background population with a 6- to 20-fold increased risk of SCD. These findings underline the importance of early cardiovascular risk monitoring and assessment in persons with CKD.