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The influence of renal disease on outcomes and cardiac remodeling following surgical mitral valve replacement

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Abstract

Objectives

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly prevalent in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR). While CKD is known to result in suboptimal outcomes for patients with mitral valve disease, there is limited literature evaluating the long-term outcomes and cardiac remodeling of patients with CKD undergoing MVR. We present the first analysis coupling long-term outcomes of combined morbidity, mortality, and cardiac remodeling post-MVR in patients with CKD.

Methods

Patients with varying degrees of CKD undergoing MVR from 2004 to 2018 were compared. Patients were grouped by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 90 mL/min/1.73m2 (n = 109), 60–89 mL/min/1.73m2 (450), 30–59 mL/min/1.73m2 (449), < 30 mL/min/1.73m2 (60). The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included measures of postoperative morbidity and cardiac remodeling.

Results

One-year mortality was significantly increased in patients with eGFR < 30 (p = 0.023). Mortality at 7 years was significantly increased in patients with eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m2 (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis of 7-year all-cause mortality indicated an eGFR of 15 mL/min/1.73m2 (HR 4.03, 95% CI 2.54–6.40) and 30 mL/min/1.73m2 (HR 2.17 95% CI 1.55–3.05) were predictive of increased mortality. Reduced eGFR predicted the development of postoperative sepsis (p = 0.002), but not other morbidities. Positive cardiac remodeling of the left ventricle, left atrium, and valve gradients were identified postoperatively for patients with eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73m2 while patients with eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m2 did not experience the same changes.

Conclusions

CKD is predictive of inferior clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in patients undergoing MVR and consequently requires careful preoperative consideration and planning. Further investigation into optimizing the postoperative outcomes of this patient population is necessary.

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Funding

University Hospital Foundation, University of Alberta.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

REL-A: Study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, approval of final manuscript. SJB: Study design, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, approval of final manuscript. NMF: Study design, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, approval of final manuscript. JJHK: Study design, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, approval of final manuscript. DB: Study design, data collection, data interpretation, proof reading and revisions, approval of final manuscript. YH: Study design, data analysis, data interpretation, proof reading and revisions, approval of final manuscript. MCM: Study design, data interpretation, proof reading and revisions, approval of final manuscript. DHF: Study design, data interpretation, proof reading and revisions, approval of final manuscript. JN: Study design, data interpretation, proof reading and revisions, approval of final manuscript. JN: Study design, data interpretation, proof reading and revisions, approval of final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeevan Nagendran.

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Conflict of interest

All authors have nothing to disclose.

Ethical approval

The local research ethics board provided approval for study ID Pro00103944 on August 31, 2020 with individual waiver for consent.

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EL-Andari, R., Bozso, S.J., Fialka, N.M. et al. The influence of renal disease on outcomes and cardiac remodeling following surgical mitral valve replacement. Clin Res Cardiol 112, 656–666 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-023-02153-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-023-02153-z

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