Prognostic impact of resting full-cycle ratio and diastolic non-hyperemic pressure ratios in patients with deferred revascularization

Clin Res Cardiol. 2023 Sep;112(9):1220-1230. doi: 10.1007/s00392-022-02149-1. Epub 2023 Jan 5.

Abstract

Background: Non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) like resting full-cycle ratio (RFR), diastolic pressure ratio during entire diastole (dPR[entire]) and diastolic pressure ratio during wave-free period (dPR[WFP]) are increasingly used to guide revascularization. The effect of NHPRs on mid-term prognosis has not been well established.

Objective: We investigated the prognostic implications of NHRPs in patients whose revascularization was deferred based on fractional flow reserve (FFR) in a single-centre population.

Methods: NHPRs and FFR were calculated offline from pressure tracings by an independent core laboratory. Follow-up data were acquired through records of hospital visits or telephone interviews. The primary outcome was a vessel-oriented composite outcome (VOCO) (a composite of cardiac death, vessel-related myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization) in deferred vessels at 2 years.

Results: 316 patients with 377 deferred lesions were analysed. Discordance of NHPRs and FFR was found in 13.0-18.3% of lesions. The correlation coefficient between NHPRs was 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.99-1.00). At 2 years, VOCO occurred in 19 lesions (5.0%). Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 [hazard ratio (HR) 5.7, p = 0.002], previous myocardial infarction (HR 3.3, p = 0.018), diabetes (HR 2.7, p = 0.042), RFR ≤ 0.89 (HR 2.7, p = 0.041) and dPR[WFP] ≤ 0.89 (HR 2.7, p = 0.049) were associated with higher incidence of VOCO at 2 years in the univariable analysis. A non-significant trend was found for dPR[entire] (HR 1.9, p = 0.26).

Conclusion: A positive RFR or dPR[WFP] were associated with a worse prognosis in deferred lesions, suggesting that the use of NHPRs in addition to FFR may improve risk estimation.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease; Fractional flow reserve; Invasive coronary angiography; Resting full-cycle ratio.

MeSH terms

  • Blood Pressure
  • Cardiac Catheterization
  • Coronary Angiography
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / diagnosis
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / surgery
  • Coronary Stenosis*
  • Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial*
  • Humans
  • Myocardial Infarction*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis